Concussion and Skull Protection Inside the skull, the brain is a major organ floating in cerebrospinal fluid. Due to its importance, the skull provides the strongest protection possible. When a strong impact occurs on the skull, the brain collides with the cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in a concussion. For instance, in boxing, when one boxer lands a punch on the opponent's jaw, the opponent's brain collides with the skull, potentially causing a concussion and even loss of consciousness. This is highly dangerous and can lead to significant long-term consequences, contributing to various post-career health issues among retired boxers.   Fever and its Impact on the Brain High fever can have detrimental effects on the brain. When the temperature of cerebrospinal fluid rises above 40 degrees Celsius, the brain begins to suffer damage. In such conditions, auditory and visual functions may deteriorate, and serious issues within certain areas of the brain may arise. To combat this, sw

Discovery of Stress by Selye In the 1930s, there was a researcher named Selye at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. Selye's laboratory had made progress on substances isolated from the ovaries. Curious about the function of these substances, Selye began injecting them into mice daily to observe changes. However, mice frequently escaped during injections, making it challenging to catch them. Eventually, Sally and her colleagues used a broom to catch rats during injections, which was a routine practice.   Selye's experiments divided mice into experimental and control groups, with the control group being kept under conditions identical to those of the experimental group except for the absence of ovarian extract in the syringe. After several months, Selye began dissecting the mice to assess the results of the injections. Surprisingly, all mice had ulcers, and their immune tissues were weak. Remarkably, even the mice in the control group showed ulcers and weakened immune tissues

The Importance and Risks of Iodine Deficiency Iodine is essential for health, but both deficiency and excess can pose problems due to its unique nature as an element. Particularly, if pregnant women do not consume enough iodine, there is a risk of the fetus developing cretinism. Cretinism is a condition that hampers brain and intellectual development in children, with iodine deficiency being one of the major causes. To address this issue, iodine-fortified salt is sold in Europe to prevent such problems. In Africa, iodine-containing salt is also distributed to tackle these issues, but adequate distribution is still lacking, leaving approximately 30% of the world's population iodine deficient.   Iodine Intake in Asia In Asian regions, iodine supplementation is not necessary as iodine can be adequately obtained through seaweed consumption. Seaweeds such as kelp, nori, and wakame are included in various foods, ensuring that Asians generally do not have issues with iodine intake.   Radi

The Relationship Between Calcium and Vascular Health Anchovies and calcium supplements are known to contribute to bone health, but in reality, calcium intake can affect vascular health. While calcium can help strengthen bones, it can also lead to the accumulation of calcium in blood vessels, making them stiff. Although glucose within blood vessels is the primary cause of vessel stiffness, calcium can accelerate this process.   When we consume food, nutrients are absorbed into our bodies through the digestion process. The liver processes these nutrients, primarily converting them into glucose. This glucose is then transported through the bloodstream to muscle cells. However, glucose cannot enter cells alone. Insulin is the key that allows this process to occur and is secreted by the pancreas every time we eat. When the liver converts nutrients into glucose, insulin transports it to cells for consumption within two hours. However, excessive food intake can impair insulin function, result